BÀI 3. Tính các giới hạn sau:
a) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\dfrac{2x^3-5x^2+1}{7x^2-x+4}\)
b) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}x\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+2x+3}{3x^4+4x^2-5}}\)
BÀI 3. Tính các giới hạn sau:
a) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\dfrac{2x^3-5x^2+1}{7x^2-x+4}\)
b) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}x\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+2x+3}{3x^4+4x^2-5}}\)
a: \(=lim_{x->-\infty}\dfrac{2x-5+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}{7-\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{4}{x^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x-5}{7}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{7}x-\dfrac{5}{7}\)
\(=-\infty\)
b: \(=lim_{x->+\infty}x\sqrt{\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{3}{x^2}}{3x^2+4-\dfrac{5}{x^2}}}\)
\(=lim_{x->+\infty}x\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3x^2+4}}=+\infty\)
1. hàm số y = 3cosx luôn nhận giá trị trong tập nào
2. tập xác định của hàm số y = cosx
3. tính giới hạn \(L=\lim\limits\dfrac{n^2-3n^3}{2n^3+5n-2}\)
4. tính giới hạn \(L=\lim\limits\left(3n^2+5n-3\right)\)
5. kết quả của giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}\left(n^3-2n^2+3n-4\right)\)
1: \(-1< =cosx< =1\)
=>\(-3< =3\cdot cosx< =3\)
=>\(y\in\left[-3;3\right]\)
2:
TXĐ là D=R
3: \(L=\lim\limits\dfrac{-3n^3+n^2}{2n^3+5n-2}\)
\(=\lim\limits\dfrac{-3+\dfrac{1}{n}}{2+\dfrac{5}{n^2}-\dfrac{2}{n^3}}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
4:
\(L=lim\left(3n^2+5n-3\right)\)
\(=\lim\limits\left[n^2\left(3+\dfrac{5}{n}-\dfrac{3}{n^2}\right)\right]\)
\(=+\infty\) vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}lim\left(n^2\right)=+\infty\\\lim\limits\left(3+\dfrac{5}{n}-\dfrac{3}{n^2}\right)=3>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
5:
\(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}n^3-2n^2+3n-4\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}n^3\left(1-\dfrac{2}{n}+\dfrac{3}{n^2}-\dfrac{4}{n^3}\right)\)
\(=+\infty\) vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}n^3=+\infty\\\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}1-\dfrac{2}{n}+\dfrac{3}{n^2}-\dfrac{4}{n^3}=1>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(1,y=3cosx\)
\(+TXD\) \(D=R\)
Có \(-1\le cosx\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3\le3cosx\le3\)
Vậy có tập giá trị \(T=\left[-3;3\right]\)
\(2,y=cosx\)
\(TXD\) \(D=R\)
\(3,L=lim\dfrac{n^2-3n^3}{2n^3+5n-2}=lim\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{n}-3}{2+\dfrac{5}{n^2}-\dfrac{2}{n^3}}\)(chia cả tử và mẫu cho \(n^3\))
\(=\dfrac{lim\dfrac{1}{n}-lim3}{lim2+5lim\dfrac{1}{n^2}-2lim\dfrac{1}{n^3}}=\dfrac{0-3}{2+5.0-2.0}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(4,L=lim\left(3n^2+5n-3\right)\\ =lim\left(3+\dfrac{5}{n}-\dfrac{3}{n^2}\right)\\ =lim3+5lim\dfrac{1}{n}-3lim\dfrac{1}{n^2}\\ =3\)
\(5,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}\left(n^3-2n^2+3n-4\right)\\ =lim\left(1-\dfrac{2}{n}+\dfrac{3}{n^2}-\dfrac{4}{n^3}\right)\\ =lim1-0\\ =1\)
4. Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+1}-x-1}{2x^2-x}_{ }\)
5. Tính giới hạn:
a) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{x-2}{x^2-4}_{ }\)
b) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\dfrac{x+3}{x-3}_{ }\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+1}-\left(x+1\right)}{2x^2-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}-\left(x+1\right)\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{-2x}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{-2}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2}{\left(0-1\right)\left(\sqrt{1}+1\right)}=1\)
a. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{x-2}{x^2-4}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{x-2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{1}{x+2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
b. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\dfrac{x+3}{x-3}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\dfrac{-x-3}{3-x}\)
Do \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\left(-x-3\right)=-6< 0\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\left(3-x\right)=0\) và \(3-x>0;\forall x< 3\)
\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\dfrac{-x-3}{3-x}=-\infty\)
Sử dụng định nghĩa tính giới hạn $\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow 1} \dfrac{2x^2+x-3}{x-1}$.
Tùy theo giá trị của tham số m, tính giới hạn:
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\left(\sqrt[3]{x^3+2x^2+1}-\sqrt{4x^2+2x+3}+mx\right)\)
Xet \(m\ne-3\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}x\left(\sqrt[3]{1}+\sqrt{4}+m\right)=x\left(3+m\right)\)
\(=\left[{}\begin{matrix}-\infty\left(m>-3\right)\\+\infty\left(m< -3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xet \(m=-3\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\left(\sqrt[3]{x^3+2x^2+1}-x-2x-\sqrt{4x^2+2x+3}\right)\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\dfrac{x^3+2x^2+1-x^3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x^3+2x^2+1\right)^2}+x\sqrt[3]{x^3+2x^2+1}+x^2}-\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\dfrac{4x^2-4x^2-2x-3}{2x-\sqrt{4x^2+2x+3}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{7}{6}\)
Tính các giới hạn
a) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{x+3}{x^2+x+4}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-3}\dfrac{x^2+5x+6}{x^2+3x}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
a/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{2+3}{4+2+4}=\dfrac{5}{10}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-3}\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}{x\left(x+3\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-3}\dfrac{x+2}{x}=\dfrac{-3+2}{-3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
1) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{-n^2+2n+1}{\sqrt{3n^4+2}}\)
2) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{4n-\sqrt{16n^2+1}}{n+1}\right)\)
3) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{9n^2+n+1}-3n}{2n}\right)\)
\(1,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{-n^2+2n+1}{\sqrt{3n^4+2}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{-n^2+2n+1}{\sqrt{3n^4+2}}=\dfrac{-\dfrac{n^2}{n^4}+\dfrac{2n}{n^4}+\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{3n^4}{n^4}+\dfrac{2}{n^4}}}=\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{n^2}+\dfrac{2}{n^3}+\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)=\dfrac{-lim\dfrac{1}{n^2}+2lim\dfrac{1}{n^3}+lim\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{lim\left(3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}\right)}}\)
\(=\dfrac{0}{\sqrt{lim\left(3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}\right)}}=0\)
\(2,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{4n-\sqrt{16n^2+1}}{n+1}\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{4n-\sqrt{16n^2+1}}{n+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4n}{n^2}-\sqrt{\dfrac{16n^2}{n^2}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}}{\dfrac{n}{n^2}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}}{\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2\right)=\dfrac{lim\left(\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\right)}{lim\left(\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)}=\dfrac{lim\left(\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\right)}{0}\)
Vậy giới hạn \(\left(2\right)\) không xác định.
\(3,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{9n^2+n+1}-3n}{2n}\right)\left(3\right)\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{9n^2+n+1}-3n}{2n}=\dfrac{\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}}{\dfrac{2}{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3\right)=\dfrac{lim\left(\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}\right)}{2lim\dfrac{1}{n}}=\dfrac{lim\left(\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}\right)}{0}\)
Vậy \(lim\left(3\right)\) không xác định.
Tính các giới hạn sau:
a) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\dfrac{x^3+x+1}{x-1}\)
b) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1^+}\dfrac{3x+2}{x+1}\)
c) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2^-}\dfrac{x-15}{x-2}\)
Lời giải:
a. \(\lim\limits_{x\to 1+}(x^3+x+1)=3>0\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\to 1+}(x-1)=0\) và $x-1>0$ khi $x>1$
\(\Rightarrow \lim\limits_{x\to 1+}\frac{x^3+x+1}{x-1}=+\infty\)
b.
\(\lim\limits_{x\to -1+}(3x+2)=-1<0\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\to -1+}(x+1)=0\) và $x+1>0$ khi $x>-1$
\(\Rightarrow \lim\limits_{x\to -1+}\frac{3x+2}{x+1}=-\infty\)
c.
\(\lim\limits_{x\to 2-}(x-15)=-17<0\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\to 2-}(x-2)=0\) và $x-2<0$ khi $x<2$
\(\Rightarrow \lim\limits_{x\to 2-}\frac{x-15}{x-2}=+\infty\)
1) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{3^n-4^{n+1}}{3^{n+2}+4^n}\right)\)
2) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{3^n-4.2^{n+1}-3}{3.2^n+4^n}\right)\)
3) Tính giới hạn \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{2-5^{n-2}}{3^n+2.5^n}\right)\)
3:
\(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{2-5^{n-2}}{3^n+2\cdot5^n}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{5^n}-\dfrac{5^{n-2}}{5^n}}{\dfrac{3^n}{5^n}+2\cdot\dfrac{5^n}{5^n}}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{5^n}-\dfrac{1}{25}}{\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^n+2\cdot1}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{25}:2=-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
1:
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{3^n-4^n\cdot4}{3^n\cdot9+4^n}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{\dfrac{3^n}{4^n}-4}{3^n\cdot\dfrac{9}{4^n}+1}\)
\(=-\dfrac{4}{1}=-4\)
Tính các giới hạn sau:
a) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}\dfrac{2\left|x\right|+x}{x^2-x}\)
b) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\left(\sqrt{x^2-x}-\sqrt{x^2-1}\right)\)
c) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{1+x^4+x^6}}{\sqrt{1+x^3+x^4}}\)
a: \(\lim\limits_{x->0^-^-}\dfrac{-2x+x}{x\left(x-1\right)}=lim_{x->0^-}\left(\dfrac{-x}{x\left(x-1\right)}\right)\)
\(=lim_{x->0^-}\left(\dfrac{-1}{x-1}\right)=\dfrac{-1}{0-1}=\dfrac{-1}{-1}=1\)
b: \(=lim_{x->-\infty}\left(\dfrac{x^2-x-x^2+1}{\sqrt{x^2-x}+\sqrt{x^2-1}}\right)\)
\(=lim_{x->-\infty}\left(\dfrac{-x+1}{\sqrt{x^2-x}+\sqrt{x^2-1}}\right)\)
\(=lim_{x->-\infty}\left(\dfrac{-1+\dfrac{1}{x}}{-\sqrt{1-\dfrac{1}{x^2}}-\sqrt{1-\dfrac{1}{x^2}}}\right)=\dfrac{-1}{-2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)